Drilling through the Chicxulub Crater

There's a new project to take core samples from the Chicxulub Crater, in Mexico. Interestingly, in addition to gaining new insights about the K-Pg mass extinction, the researchers are also hoping to learn something about the Paleocene-Eocene Thermal Maximum.

Turner awarded thing.

Congratulations to our own Derek Turner, who has been awarded a Fulbright Visiting Research Chair at the University of Calgary (fast becoming *the place* for philosophy of paleontology?). Details here.

Hobbits older than first thought...

Homo floresiensis, the so-called 'hobbits', have been redated from around 12k to around 50k years ago. For those of us (Adrian) who just published articles based on the former date, that's a bit annoying. For everyone else, this possibly lines up the disappearance of H. floresiensis with the appearance of H. sapiens (which is suggestive...) and provides yet another reminder of how unstable dating can be... Here's the nature article, and here's a nice write-up in the guardian.

Ancient rhinoceros skull found; modern conception of "unicorn" lost

A Siberian research team just announced the discovery of a skull from the rhino species Elasmotherium sibiricum in 26000-year-old strata, suggesting that the species went extinct some 25000 years later than previously expected.

Some media outlets are reporting this as a discovery of a "Siberian unicorn." We at Extinct humbly suggest that journalists review some work that's already been done on the subject before resorting to such claims.

Frequent revisions of dinosaur names

Who knew that almost 50% of dinosaur names ultimately get dropped? And different scientists have better/worse track records when it comes to the validity of their dinosaur names. 

New T-rex paper: interesting study; journalism...?

So, a fascinating paper just came out in nature detailing a technique for identifying sex-specific characteristics in non-avian dinosaurs (specifically, Medullary Bone which is involved in egg shell development), and applying it to identify the sex of a T. rex specimen. This is great because (1) establishing sex from fossil is notoriously difficult; (2) it's a really nice example of using a combination of phylogenetic studies, molecular analysis, and other techniques to uncover tricky things about the past. That tissue is typically present around when birds are laying eggs. Still, why say they've discovered a pregnant t. rex? *sigh*

How to eat shellfish...

... if you're a bear-dog like critter from say 20 million years ago, you could converge on both sea-otters and saber-tooth cats - at least according to this new study. Because evolution knows what it's doing. Here's a wonderfully accessible explanation of it all.

Mammoth kill site in New Mexico

There's new evidence that early North American's were hunting and processing mammoths. This is relevant to the ongoing discussion of the Pleistocene overkill hypothesis, though the mammoths were just one of many large animal species that went extinct at the end of the Pleistocene.

Maturity, dinosaurs, confusion...

Of late, several paleontologists have started to wonder whether we've been misidentifying dinosaurs of different ontogenetic stages (i.e., ages) as being different species (most infamously, the suggestion that Triceratops and Torosaurus were the same critter). But how do we tell when a specimen is from an adult, mature dinosaur? In this new paper, Hone, Farke & Wedel tackle just this question, and draw some possibly troubling conclusions about how paleontologists determine and define ontogenetic stages...

Darwin in Modern English?

Daniel Duzdevdich recently wrote an updated version of Darwin's classic On the Origin of Species - attempting to free the book from its (apparently) stilted Victorian prose. Michael Ruse, it seems, didn't like it. Over at the NCSE's blog, Duzdevdich has defended his book. Both review and response contain comparisons of the original to the new text. Here at Extinct, we don't treat Darwin with total reverence, so invite readers to decide for themselves...

Gall wasps and oak trees: 30 million years of stability

Gall wasps are so named because they inject chemicals into trees that create abnormal growth patterns (galls) that shelter the wasps' own developing larvae. In this cool recent study, paleontologists looked at the fossil record (over 2,900 fossil leaves from the western U.S., with the oldest about 45 million years old) in order to see how stable the relationship is between gall wasps and their preferred host trees.  This is possible because the galls are sometimes preserved in the fossil record. It turns out that galls associated with Cynipini wasps only occur on the leaves of just two types of oak trees, and that the association remains stable over about 30 million years: An interesting case of stability in an ecological relationship! This raises some interesting evolutionary questions about why parasites do (or in this case, don't) shift their hosts.

E.H. Leckey and D. H. Smith, "Host fidelity over geologic time: restricted use of oaks by oak gall wasps," Journal of Paleontology, vol. 89, no. 2. (March 2015), 236-244.